Breast

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clinical guide

Deborah Moir 04 April 2004
Source: Diagnostic Breast Imaging Heywang-Kobrunner, Dershaw, Sheer, pub-Thienne

Summary Show All

ABSCESS- a pus filled cavity with a capsule containing granulation tissue , inflammatory cells, and fiboblasts. It forms as part of mastitis or from local infection of e.g Montgomery glands or from extension from e.g chest wall abscess.

ACCESSORY BREAST TISSUE- (polymastia)
The circumscribed development of glandular parenchyma- most commonly in the axilla. It can be completely separate to the rest of the breast parenchymaor connected in the axillary tail.

ADENOPATHY- changes to lymph nodes such as increase in size or loss of fatty hilum due to either malignant/metastatic involvement,
or benign causes such as skin infections, mastitis,TB, HIV, sarcoidosis etc.

ADENOSIS- is the parallel arrangement of bundle-shaped, non-neoplastic proliferations of the terminal ductal segments. Its sub groups are blunt duct adenosis,sclerosing adenosis, microglandular adenosis and radial scar.

ADENOMA- a rare, benign lesion with a predominantly ductolobular component. They are subject to hormonal regulation during pregnancy and lactation. Sub groups are tubular adenoma, lactating adenoma and ductal adenoma.

ADENOFIBROLIPOMA(HAMARTOMA)- an abnormal collection of the tissues that normally exist in the breast, surrounded by a pseudocapsule. Often contain smooth muscle, parenchyma and fat. Not considered premalignant.

ANGIOMA- usually in the skin or subcutaneous tissues and are rarely intramammary. They are benign well-vascularised lesions and include haemangiomas ,angiolipomas and lymphangiomas. They are well marginated.

ANGIOSARCOMA- a rapidly growing vessel-forming sarcoma.

ANISOMASTIA- Asymmetry in breast size.

ATYPIA- refers to atypical hyperplasia occurring in the ducts or lobules. It is classified according to cell thickness i.e mild atypia is hperplasia 2-4 cells thick and is not related to an increased risk of malignancy. This is seen in duct ectasia. Florid hyperplasia is more tha 4 cells thick and is seen in papillomas and has a 1.5-2 times increase risk of malignancy. Atypical epithelial hyperplasia has disturbance of the epithelial layering with cellular atypia and is related to a 4 times increase risk of malignancy.

AUGMENTATION- is enlargment of the breast for congenital , acquired or cosmetic reasons.

The ASUM Online Clinical Handbook is presented as an educational aid for experienced practitioners. It is the responsibility of the individual practitioner to determine how the information should be applied to individual cases.

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